Akshaya Tritiya, the day dedicated for good deeds and the best fortune, is considered to be one of the most auspicious days of the Vedic Calendar. It is widely celebrated in all parts of India by different sections of the society irrespective of their religious faith and social grouping.
Many people observe fasts, conduct special Pujas of Lord Vishnu, bathe in the Ganga, and make charities to ensure lasting prosperity. For the Jat farming community, this day is known as Akha Teej. The usual practice is that a male member of the family leaves for the fields with a shovel in hand in the early hours of the morning. All the animals and birds he comes across, en route, serve as omens to help predict the upcoming rains and crops. For the Jains, this day has special significance. The first Tirthankar, Bhagwan Rishabdev, broke his fasting spell of one year by taking sugarcane juice on this day. Following his example, people who observe the austerity of Varsi tap-the custom of alternative day fasting for a year-end their penance on the same day in the cool shadow of Shatrunjay hills. This day is considered to be very auspicious for going on a pilgrimage to Shatrunjay in Bhavnagar, Gujarat. This falls on the 3rd day of the bright fortnight of Vaishakh.
People in the Orria (Orissa) community also celebrate Akshaya Tritiya by buying gold ornaments and new clothes. But the festival is also significant in two other ways in Orissa. On this day, the farmers sow the seeds for the new crop. According to a Pujari of Shri Jagannath Temple, Hauz Khas, “It is an important day in the run up to the famous Rath Yatra of Lord Sri Jagannath at Puri. On this day, the logs meant for the Lords’ chariots are worshiped and the construction work of the chariots starts.”
The festival takes on a special flavour in Bengal, wherein new audit books are brought out on Akshay Tritiya after worshiping Lord Ganesh and Goddess Lakshmi. This ceremony is called the Hal Khata. Businessmen pray that their business luck thrives with the issue of these new audit books. Even the entire process of creation of the idols for Durga Puja, from the collection of clay to the ornamentation is a holy process, supervised by rites and other rituals starts from Akshaya Tritiya. “On the Hindu date of Akshaya Tritiya when the Rath Yatra is held, clay for the idols is collected from the banks of a river, preferably from the Ganges. After the required rites, the clay is transported from which the idols are fashioned.” says Sharda Nath, a Bengali homemaker.
“Some Bengali families even keep a Bhagwan Shri Satyanarayan puja at home, wherein a clay idol of Shri Satyanarayan is constructed. After the completion of rituals, sweets are distributed amonst family members and the idol is later immersed in a nearby river or sea.” she further added.
For the Maharashtrians, the third day of the Vaishak month is celebrated as Akshaya Tritiya. The day marks the end of Haldi Kumkum festival which is a get-together organised by women for women. Married women invite friends, relatives and new acquaintances to meet in an atmosphere of merriment and fun. On such occasions, the hostess distributes bangles, sweets, small novelties, flowers, betel leaves and nuts as well as coconuts. The snacks include Kairiche Panhe (raw mango juice) and Vatli Dal.
No matter how different sections of society celebrate the festival, the day is synonymous with happiness and prosperity, and people across religion give out goods and food items as ‘Daan’, as offering food to the poor is considered to be the greatest thing one can do on this day. People also make donations and give alms on the day. Umbrellas, sandals etc are also donated in some regions.
The main puja and prayers on the day is dedicated to Lord Vishnu and Goddess Lakshmi, and people visit shrines of Goddess Lakshmi, Vishnu and Lord Krishna praying for eternal peace, prosperity and good luck.